DOMITIAN son of Vespasian Silver Ancient Roman Coin Athena Minerva i53276

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Item: i53276Authentic Ancient Coin of:Domitian - Roman Caesar: 69-81 A.D. Emperor : 81-96 A.D. -Silver Denarius 19mm (3.42 grams) Rome mint: 95-96 A.D.Reference: RIC 193, BMC 235, C 290IMPCAESDOMITAVGGERMPMTRPXV - Laureate head right.IMPXXIICOSXVIICENSPPP - Minerva standing left, holding spear.You are bidding on the exact item pictured, provided with a Certificate of Authenticity and Lifetime Guarantee of Authenticity.Minerva ( Etruscan : Menrva ) was the Roman goddess of wisdom and sponsor of arts, trade, and defense. She was born from the godhead of Jupiter with weapons. From the 2nd century BC onwards, the Romans equated her with the Greek goddess Athena . She was the virgin goddess of music, poetry , medicine , wisdom , commerce , weaving , crafts , magic . 2] She is often depicted with her sacred creature, an owl usually named as the " owl of Minerva ",which symbolizes that she is connected to wisdom.Etruscan MenrvaStemming from an Italic moon goddess *Meneswā ('She who measures'), the Etruscans adopted the inherited Old Latin name, *Menerwā , thereby calling her Menrva . It is assumed that her Roman name, Minerva, is based on this Etruscan mythology , Minerva was the goddess of wisdom, war, art, schools and commerce. She was the Etruscan counterpart to Greek Athena . Like Athena, Minerva was born from the head of her father, Jupiter (Greek Zeus ). It is possible that such a goddess was "imported" to both Greece and Italy from beliefs originating in the Near East during the extreme antiquity. The very few extant Lemnian inscriptions suggest that the Etruscans may have originated in Asia Minor , in which case subsequent syncretism between Greek Athena and Italic Minerva may have been all the easier.By a process of folk etymology , the Romans could have confused the phones of her foreign name with those of the root men- in Latin words such as mens meaning "mind", perhaps because one of her aspects as goddess pertained to the intellectual. The word mens is built from the Proto-Indo-European root *men- 'mind' (linked with memory as in Greek Mnemosyne /μνημοσύνη and mnestis /μνῆστις: memory, remembrance, recollection, Manush in Sanskrit meaning mind ).Cult in RomeMenrva was part of a holy triad with Tinia and Uni , equivalent to the Roman Capitoline Triad of Jupiter-Juno-Minerva. Minerva was the daughter of Jupiter.As Minerva Medica , she was the goddess of medicine and doctors. As Minerva Achaea , she was worshipped at Luceria in Apulia where votive gifts and arms said to be those of Diomedes were preserved in her temple.A head of "Sulis-Minerva" found in the ruins of the Roman baths in BathIn Fasti III, Ovid called her the " goddess of a thousand works. " Minerva was worshipped throughout Italy, though only in Rome did she take on the warlike character shared by Athena. Her worship was also taken out to the empire -- in Britain, for example, she was conflated with the local wisdom goddess Sulis .The Romans celebrated her festival from March 19 to March 23 during the day which is called, in the neuter plural, Quinquatria , the fifth after the Ides of March, the nineteenth, an artisans ' holiday . A lesser version, the Minusculae Quinquatria, was held on the Ides of June, June 13, by the flute-players , who were particularly useful to religion. In 207 BC, a guild of poets and actors was formed to meet and make votive offerings at the temple of Minerva on the Aventine hill. Among others, its members included Livius Andronicus . The Aventine sanctuary of Minerva continued to be an important center of the arts for much of the middle Roman Republic .Minerva was worshipped on the Capitoline Hill as one of the Capitoline Triad along with Jupiter and Juno, at the Temple of Minerva Medica , and at the " Delubrum Minervae" a temple founded around 50 BC by Pompey on the site now occupied by the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva facing the present-day Piazza della Minerva.Universities and educational establishmentsAs patron goddess ... read more

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